The field of Internet Marketing has grown to be a professional arena for all types of businesses, including the ones that are solely making money online. Furthermore, it is not only corporate giants who benefit from online marketing and promotions. In fact, you would find countless success stories of small businesses all over the world that are exploiting their maximum performance potential because of their online presence.
With a plethora of benefits and business implications, Internet Marketing is a great source of lead generation. Basically, online lead generation is an identical concept of generating sales lead except that the process is done on electronic platforms. In layman?s terms, ?offline? lead generation involves traditional methods like cold calling, customer referrals, TV and radio advertisements, etc. On the other hand, there are various Internet Marketing tools which provide access to small businesses to their individuals who are interested in what the companies offer. These individuals are considered to be prospective buyers for a business. Some of the common techniques of online lead generation include:
Despite the ability of online advertising to generate leads, there are several small businesses which find it difficult to acquire its wonderful benefits in its true sense. Generally, online lead generation challenges refer to inefficient generation of potential contacts or customers. Keeping focus of discussion on small businesses, a few common online lead generation challenges are explained below in the following section.
Most online lead generation challenges are specific to the methods integrated in an online marketing campaign which aim at attracting prospective readers and customers. However, there are several online lead generation challenges which are generic in nature and commonly faced by small businesses.
1. The Myopic Content-Target Mismatch
This is one of the online lead generation challenges faced by small business owners when they miss the bull?s eye. This means that the lead generation methods which they use do not cover areas or content which are preferred by the target audience. On the other hand, these business owners develop techniques which they deem appropriate or attractive for the target readers. In short, this is one of the online lead generation challenges which are a result of an entrepreneurial miscalculation.
In order to generate productive leads, small business owners must synergize their offering with the needs and wants of the target audience. This is only possible when you would stop imposing your ideas of appealing content on the readers. Secondly, small businesses should exploit all possible resources to gather insight on what their prospective customers are interested in.
Remember that this is one of the common online lead generation challenges which can result in fewer leads and a larger number of disconcerted readers or viewers.
2. The Quantity & Quality Dilemma
When we speak of small businesses, it is important to consider the fewer number and types of resources available to them. As a result, their marketing and promotion budgets are also limited in nature. However, these facts are not the main online lead generation challenges for small business owners. The complex issue is that of budget allocation on either quality or quantity of content. In addition to the content used for lead generation, quality and quantity of the leads themselves is also a part of the online lead generation challenges. Every small business, rightfully enough, aims at sufficient and large number of leads. However, there are many instances when small businesses allow this aim to overshadow the importance of and focus on quality of leads. This way, small businesses become unable to convert generated leads into sales.
3. Follow Up Framework: The Small Business Weak Point
Among other complexities, following up on prospects seems to be one of the continuous online lead generation challenges. As discussed earlier, issues with allocation of budget and resources can make it daunting for small business owners to incorporate a systematic follow up system. However, the absence or inefficiency of a follow up arrangement for online leads can be a costly blunder. While many small business owners may argue that they always follow up on their leads, it is often overlooked that the process should be as swift as under the span of 24 hours. For example, it is usually required to set up automated systems for phone call returns, email auto-responders, etc. Although it is challenging and costly to establish and implement a mechanism for speedy follow up on leads, it is an essential requirement for the process of converting leads into sales.
4. Effective but Heavy on the Pocket
There are some successful lead generation techniques, like Pay Per Click Advertising (PPC), which are becoming increasingly expensive for small businesses to afford. Incidentally, PPC is an effective advertising tool to drive traffic to a website but then an amount is to be paid every time the advertisement is clicked on. Apart from the expenses incurred through this form of advertising, it also brings another type of online lead generation challenges in the picture. Basically, if a small business invests an ample amount in PPC then it must also invest further on the quality of what it has to offer. If this is not done, then the business would find a low or insufficient conversion rate in the generated leads.
5. Surviving Against Competition
Competitor practices also impose online lead generation challenges for many small businesses. One of the reasons why this is among the list of main online lead generation challenges is the better financial resources of some direct competitors. Secondly, technological inclination of competitors along with their available resources further adds to the pressure faced by small businesses.
The objective is not to feel perplexed that on one hand, Internet Marketing is a beneficial tool for attracting potential customers while it also involves a variety of online lead generation challenges for small businesses. In fact, small business owners should understand the possible online lead generation challenges so they are able to create a balanced approach towards their online advertising techniques, response mechanism, track of conversion, and so on. The key to overcome online lead generation challenges is to hit the spot with a balanced budget allocation as well as a balanced ratio between quality and quantity of content and leads alike.
Mapping translation sites in the human genomePublic release date: 16-Jun-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: richard.harth@asu.edu richard.harth@asu.edu Arizona State University
Because of their central importance to biology, proteins have been the focus of intense research, particularly the manner in which they are produced from genetically coded templatesa process commonly known as translation. While the general mechanism of translation has been understood for some time, protein synthesis can initiate by more than one mechanism. One of the least well understood mechanisms is known as cap-independent translation.
Now, John Chaput and his colleagues at Arizona State University's Biodesign Institute have produced the first genome-wide investigation of cap-independent translation, identifying thousands of mRNA sequences that act as Translation Enhancing Elements (TEEs), which are RNA sequences upstream of the coding region that help recruit the ribosome to the translation start site.
The new study outlines a technique for mining whole genomes for sequences that initiate cap-independent translation within the vastness of the genome.
The research has important implications for the fundamental understanding of translation in living systems, as well as intriguing potential in the biomedical arena. (Many viral pathogens are known to use cap-independent translation to hijack and redirect cellular mechanisms to translate viral proteins.)
The lead author of the study is Brian P. Wellensiek, a senior scientist in Biodesign's Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics. The group's results appear in the current issue of the journal Nature Methods.
During most protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, cap-dependent translation dominates. The process begins after DNA is first transcribed into mRNA, with the aid of an enzyme polymerase. mRNA now forms the coded template from which the translated proteins will be generated. The mRNA code consists of sequences made from 4 nucleic acids, A, C, G & U, with each 3-letter grouping (known as a codon), corresponding to one amino acid in the protein being synthesized.
A key component in the translation process is the ribosome, which migrates along the single stranded mRNA, reading the codons as it goes. Before it can do this however, it must locate a special structure at the 5' end of the mRNA strand known as the cap. In normal cap-dependent translation, the ribosome is recruited to the 5' end of mRNA via a specialized cap-binding complex.
Cap-independent translation allows the ribosome to begin reading the mRNA message without having to first locate the 5' cap structure. Cap-independent translation occurs in eukaryotic cells during normal processes including mitosis and apoptosis (or programmed cell death). It is also a feature in many forms of viral translation, where the viral transcript is able to recruit the ribosome and co-opt its function to preferentially translate viral RNA.
In the current study, Chaput designed an in vitro selection strategy to identify human genome sequences that initiate cap-independent translation. The technique is able to select candidates from a pool of trillions of genomic fragments. Once a set of sequences was identified as translation enhancing elements, they were shown to function effectively in both cell-free and cellular translation systems.
As Chaput explains, most research on cap-independent translation has been conducted using RNA fragments derived from viruses. "These RNA molecules will fold into shapes that appear to mimic some of the initiation factors that that you would find in eukaryotic translation," he says. More recently, similar RNA molecules have been identified in cellular systems, though the sequences tend to be much shorter and function in a different manner.
Chaput's method of studying such sequences on a genome-wide scale involves first generating a DNA library of the entire human genome. Using enzymes, the genome is cut into random fragments of around 200 base pairs each. These sequences are then transcribed into mRNA.
Applying a technique known as mRNA display, the fragments are tagged in specific way, such that amino acid sequences resulting from successful translation events remain bound to the mRNA fragments that generated them. "Essentially, what we're doing is taking a library of human mRNA and tagging those sequences that act as translation enhancing elements," Chaput says. Those sequences bearing an attached peptide affinity tag can then be separated out from the remaining untranslated sequences, reverse transcribed, amplified using PCR technology and subjected to subsequent rounds of selection.
The sequences were later mapped onto the human genome. As expected, the complete library of sequences used at the start of the experiments mapped fairly evenly across the genome. But the sequences selected via mRNA display as translation enhancing elements tended to cluster in non-coding regions of the genome. The authors speculate that such sequences may have been evolutionarily selected against, as they have the potential to disrupt normal cap-dependent translation.
Roughly 20 percent of the translation enhancing elements functioned as internal ribosomal initiation sites, again turning up primarily in non-coding genomic regions. The origin of these sequences remains mysterious. It is conceivable that they were surreptitiously brought on board as a result of human interaction with different types of viruses.
Once Chaput's group had acquired a library of 250 distinct translation enhancing elements through selection using mRNA display, the sequences were screened for translation enhancing activity, which was quantified using a light based assay employing a luciferase reporter molecule.
By measuring levels of luciferase, the enhancement of each sequence could be assessed relative to background noise, with the better translation enhancing elements displaying 50-100 fold enhancement (and some as much as 1000-fold enhancement). The next step was to determine which of these sequences could function as internal ribosomal initiation sites.
To do this, the same 250 sequences were inserted into a vector bearing a hairpin structure. As Chaput explains: "If the ribosome latched onto the 5' end, it would hit that hairpin and would fall off. However if the ribosome skipped the hairpin and recognized the sequence on the other side of the hairpin independently and translated it, that's an indication that the sequence is functioning as an internal ribosomal initiation site." Both assays (for translation enhancement and internal ribosomal initiation) were validated under cell-free conditions and in human cells, using a vaccinia virus vector.
A study of this scope is possible thanks to innovative techniques for in vitro selection (such as mRNA display), as well as a revolutionary technology permitting massively parallel RNA sequencing (known as deep sequencing), which provides unprecedented speed and read accuracy.
Much remains to be learned about atypical translation processes. The mechanism of action for translation enhancing elements is still obscure, particularly in the case of internal ribosomal initiation sites. Similarly, the particular gene products that may result from cap-independent translation have yet to be identified and characterized.
###
The research group consisted of:
Brian P. Wellensiek1, Andrew C. Larsen1, Bret Stephens1, Kim Kukurba1,2, Karl Waern3,
Natalia Briones1, Li Liu1, Michael Snyder3, Bertram L. Jacobs4,5,
Sudhir Kumar1,5 and John C. Chaput1,2*
1Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics in the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at ASU, 3Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, 4Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology in the Biodesign Institute at ASU, 5School of Life Sciences at ASU.
Written by: Richard Harth
Science Writer: Biodesign Institute
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Mapping translation sites in the human genomePublic release date: 16-Jun-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: richard.harth@asu.edu richard.harth@asu.edu Arizona State University
Because of their central importance to biology, proteins have been the focus of intense research, particularly the manner in which they are produced from genetically coded templatesa process commonly known as translation. While the general mechanism of translation has been understood for some time, protein synthesis can initiate by more than one mechanism. One of the least well understood mechanisms is known as cap-independent translation.
Now, John Chaput and his colleagues at Arizona State University's Biodesign Institute have produced the first genome-wide investigation of cap-independent translation, identifying thousands of mRNA sequences that act as Translation Enhancing Elements (TEEs), which are RNA sequences upstream of the coding region that help recruit the ribosome to the translation start site.
The new study outlines a technique for mining whole genomes for sequences that initiate cap-independent translation within the vastness of the genome.
The research has important implications for the fundamental understanding of translation in living systems, as well as intriguing potential in the biomedical arena. (Many viral pathogens are known to use cap-independent translation to hijack and redirect cellular mechanisms to translate viral proteins.)
The lead author of the study is Brian P. Wellensiek, a senior scientist in Biodesign's Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics. The group's results appear in the current issue of the journal Nature Methods.
During most protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, cap-dependent translation dominates. The process begins after DNA is first transcribed into mRNA, with the aid of an enzyme polymerase. mRNA now forms the coded template from which the translated proteins will be generated. The mRNA code consists of sequences made from 4 nucleic acids, A, C, G & U, with each 3-letter grouping (known as a codon), corresponding to one amino acid in the protein being synthesized.
A key component in the translation process is the ribosome, which migrates along the single stranded mRNA, reading the codons as it goes. Before it can do this however, it must locate a special structure at the 5' end of the mRNA strand known as the cap. In normal cap-dependent translation, the ribosome is recruited to the 5' end of mRNA via a specialized cap-binding complex.
Cap-independent translation allows the ribosome to begin reading the mRNA message without having to first locate the 5' cap structure. Cap-independent translation occurs in eukaryotic cells during normal processes including mitosis and apoptosis (or programmed cell death). It is also a feature in many forms of viral translation, where the viral transcript is able to recruit the ribosome and co-opt its function to preferentially translate viral RNA.
In the current study, Chaput designed an in vitro selection strategy to identify human genome sequences that initiate cap-independent translation. The technique is able to select candidates from a pool of trillions of genomic fragments. Once a set of sequences was identified as translation enhancing elements, they were shown to function effectively in both cell-free and cellular translation systems.
As Chaput explains, most research on cap-independent translation has been conducted using RNA fragments derived from viruses. "These RNA molecules will fold into shapes that appear to mimic some of the initiation factors that that you would find in eukaryotic translation," he says. More recently, similar RNA molecules have been identified in cellular systems, though the sequences tend to be much shorter and function in a different manner.
Chaput's method of studying such sequences on a genome-wide scale involves first generating a DNA library of the entire human genome. Using enzymes, the genome is cut into random fragments of around 200 base pairs each. These sequences are then transcribed into mRNA.
Applying a technique known as mRNA display, the fragments are tagged in specific way, such that amino acid sequences resulting from successful translation events remain bound to the mRNA fragments that generated them. "Essentially, what we're doing is taking a library of human mRNA and tagging those sequences that act as translation enhancing elements," Chaput says. Those sequences bearing an attached peptide affinity tag can then be separated out from the remaining untranslated sequences, reverse transcribed, amplified using PCR technology and subjected to subsequent rounds of selection.
The sequences were later mapped onto the human genome. As expected, the complete library of sequences used at the start of the experiments mapped fairly evenly across the genome. But the sequences selected via mRNA display as translation enhancing elements tended to cluster in non-coding regions of the genome. The authors speculate that such sequences may have been evolutionarily selected against, as they have the potential to disrupt normal cap-dependent translation.
Roughly 20 percent of the translation enhancing elements functioned as internal ribosomal initiation sites, again turning up primarily in non-coding genomic regions. The origin of these sequences remains mysterious. It is conceivable that they were surreptitiously brought on board as a result of human interaction with different types of viruses.
Once Chaput's group had acquired a library of 250 distinct translation enhancing elements through selection using mRNA display, the sequences were screened for translation enhancing activity, which was quantified using a light based assay employing a luciferase reporter molecule.
By measuring levels of luciferase, the enhancement of each sequence could be assessed relative to background noise, with the better translation enhancing elements displaying 50-100 fold enhancement (and some as much as 1000-fold enhancement). The next step was to determine which of these sequences could function as internal ribosomal initiation sites.
To do this, the same 250 sequences were inserted into a vector bearing a hairpin structure. As Chaput explains: "If the ribosome latched onto the 5' end, it would hit that hairpin and would fall off. However if the ribosome skipped the hairpin and recognized the sequence on the other side of the hairpin independently and translated it, that's an indication that the sequence is functioning as an internal ribosomal initiation site." Both assays (for translation enhancement and internal ribosomal initiation) were validated under cell-free conditions and in human cells, using a vaccinia virus vector.
A study of this scope is possible thanks to innovative techniques for in vitro selection (such as mRNA display), as well as a revolutionary technology permitting massively parallel RNA sequencing (known as deep sequencing), which provides unprecedented speed and read accuracy.
Much remains to be learned about atypical translation processes. The mechanism of action for translation enhancing elements is still obscure, particularly in the case of internal ribosomal initiation sites. Similarly, the particular gene products that may result from cap-independent translation have yet to be identified and characterized.
###
The research group consisted of:
Brian P. Wellensiek1, Andrew C. Larsen1, Bret Stephens1, Kim Kukurba1,2, Karl Waern3,
Natalia Briones1, Li Liu1, Michael Snyder3, Bertram L. Jacobs4,5,
Sudhir Kumar1,5 and John C. Chaput1,2*
1Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics in the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at ASU, 3Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, 4Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology in the Biodesign Institute at ASU, 5School of Life Sciences at ASU.
Written by: Richard Harth
Science Writer: Biodesign Institute
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
It's been just half a year since Nokia revealed its first Windows Phone 8 device, and we've already got another flagship to review. The Lumia 925 marks a departure in design for Nokia -- it looks nothing like its predecessors, barring an expanse of screen and some capacitive Windows buttons. This time around, the phone is housed in an aluminum frame, making it Nokia's first metal smartphone since those heady Symbian days. This, alongside some hardware repositioning and (minor) specification changes has been enough for the Lumia 925 to weigh notably less than its 920 forebear -- and we think it's enough to feel in your hand. As we juggled the two Windows Phones ahead of this review, our first impressions were that the 925 was also much easier to hold, despite only a negligible difference in thickness.
This, alongside some hardware repositioning and (minor) specification changes has been enough for the Lumia 925 to weigh notably less than its 920 forebear
Arriving in three comparatively restrained monochrome hues (white, black and grey), Nokia's returned to OLED for its display tech, although it's the same 1,280 x 768 resolution as the rest of the 920 series and includes the company's anti-reflective screen technology for good measure. Its new Smart Camera app debuts on the Lumia 925, standing alongside the stock app and offering up some interesting new picture-taking options.
Otherwise, it's an awful lot like the Lumia 920, at least on paper: there's the same lauded 8.7-megapixel camera sensor, the same dual-core 1.5GHz processor and the same OS (albeit with some beta goodies). Nokia reckons that the phone is geared towards a different buyer than those who bought the Lumia 920, but alongside Verizon's recent US-only Lumia 928, is there enough to get fans that skipped on last year's model to buy this time around? And is there enough to persuade you not to hold out for what's on the horizon?
Twitter has pushed out an update to Tweetdeck for Mac giving it the same new interface as the web clients received a short time ago. The new looks is cleaner, has a new navigation bar on the left of the screen and makes customising your experience that much simpler.
The columns in your Tweetdeck can now be rearranged by way of a simple drag-and-drop system, and there's a whole bunch of new filters including for interactions of followers or lists. Also included is a pretty handy Tweet translator, should you often find yourself dealing with a foreign tongue.
Tweetdeck on mobile may have gone the way of the dinosaurs, but it's great to see continued development -- for now at least -- on the desktop Mac client. Grab a copy from the Mac App Store now, and let us know if Tweetdeck is or ever was your desktop Twitter client of choice.
This map shows the $11 billion in weather and climate disasters that hit the United States in 2012.
By Megan Gannon LiveScience
Hurricane Sandy and an extensive drought made 2012 the United States' second-costliest year for natural disasters since 1980, federal officials said Thursday.
Weather and climate disasters racked up $110 billion in damages across the country last year, according to a report released?by the National Climate Data Center (NCDC).
There were 11 events in 2012 that each incurred at least $1 billion in damages, including spring tornado outbreaks in the Midwest and Texas, a derecho that plowed from the Plains to the Northeast, and the yearlong drought and its associated heatwaves and wildfires that burned more than 9.2 million acres, mostly in the West.
All told, more than 300 people were killed in these 11 extreme weather events ? 159 of those lives were claimed by Sandy.
Sandy by far was the most costly event of the year, with $65 billion in damages. The gigantic storm, which at one point had tropical storm-force winds extending almost 500 miles (800 kilometers) from its center, made landfall on the Jersey Shore on Oct. 29. It caused a record storm surge, historic flooding and widespread power outages along a huge stretch of the East Coast.
Last year's severe, yearlong drought, meanwhile, was estimated to have cost about $30 billion in damages, much of it due to widespread harvest failure. For most of 2012, more than half the country was affected by the drought, which covered the largest area of any drought since the 1930s, according to the NCDC's report.
The costliest year on record for natural disasters was 2005 ? the year Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans and the Gulf ? with $160 billion in damages. According to the NCDC, 2012 also ranks second for number of billion-dollar disasters, just behind 2011, which saw 14 such events.
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Copyright 2013 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Chart shows the number of people on the waiting list for an organ transplant
Chart shows the number of people on the waiting list for an organ transplant
FILE - In this May 30, 2013 file photo provided by the Murnaghan family, Sarah Murnaghan, center, celebrates the 100th day of her stay in Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with her father, Fran, left, and mother, Janet. The 10-year-old suburban Philadelphia girl received a lung transplant there Wednesday, June 12, 2013, her family said. (AP Photo/Murnaghan Family, File)
WASHINGTON (AP) ? The 10-year-old Pennsylvania girl who fought for a lung transplant has a difficult journey ahead. The transplant isn't a cure for her cystic fibrosis, and new lungs don't tend to last as long as other transplanted organs.
But it can extend life by years, buying some time.
"You're keeping them alive and hopefully well, hoping that something else will come along that will make the big difference," said Dr. Anastassios Koumbourlis, pulmonary chief at Children's National Medical Center in the nation's capital.
Sarah Murnaghan, who is recovering from Wednesday's operation at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, made headlines as her parents challenged national policy over how children under 12 are placed on the waiting list for donated lungs.
Lost in the debate over how to give out scarce organs was this broader question: How well do children with cystic fibrosis fare when they do get a new set of lungs?
Fortunately, few children get sick enough anymore to need transplants, said Dr. Stuart Sweet, pediatric lung transplant chief at Washington University in St. Louis. Treatments for the genetic disease have improved so much over the past decade that patients live much longer before their lungs start to wear out.
About 30,000 Americans live with cystic fibrosis, which causes sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, leading to life-threatening infections in the lungs and problems in other organs. Only a few decades ago, children with the disease seldom survived elementary school. Now the typical life expectancy is about 37 years and growing.
A 2007 study published in the New England Journal of Medicine prompted major controversy over whether lung transplants offered enough survival benefit to be used for cystic fibrosis. Ultimately, doctors decided it did, for the right patient who is out of options.
Since then, about 150 to 200 people with the disease, mostly teens and adults, have gotten lung transplants every year, according to a patient registry run by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Over 80 percent of patients who get new lungs survive a year, and over 50 percent are alive after five years, the registry shows.
That's a sobering statistic, although some people survive much longer. For comparison, well over 90 percent of people who receive a kidney transplant survive five years.
"We expect it will be a long road, but we're not going for easy, we're going for possible," Sarah's family said in a statement after her surgery.
Sweet said the issue isn't the cystic fibrosis but that lungs simply are difficult to transplant, no matter what the underlying disease.
"The reality is that lung transplantation is not a perfect solution," Sweet said.
After all, "this is the only organ we transplant that's in contact with the outside world," added Dr. Karen McCoy, pulmonology chief at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio.
For cystic fibrosis patients, the donated lungs don't contain the defective gene that caused their own lungs to clog ? so they won't fill with mucus again. Cystic fibrosis will continue to damage their pancreas, intestines and other parts of the body, requiring ongoing treatment to deal with nutritional problems and other symptoms.
But patients may be at higher risk of post-transplant lung infections for a different reason: Some of the antibiotic-resistant germs that infected their old lungs can still be lurking in their sinuses. They can travel to the new lungs as patients begin taking the immune-suppressing drugs necessary to prevent organ rejection, McCoy said.
Eventually, many transplant recipients suffer lung failure as some of the tiniest airways in the lungs break down, in part due to infections. Some qualify for another transplant, but second transplants aren't as successful.
Another threat for lung recipients, regardless of the underlying disease: The teen years. That's when young patients assume more responsibility for their anti-rejection medicines, and may skip doses to be "normal" like their friends ? one reason survival dips for adolescents
Stay tuned: Treatments that target the specific gene defect behind most cases of cystic fibrosis are being researched. If they pan out, eventually fewer patients may need transplants.
heterophobic, misandrist, reverse racist, baby eating, soulless temptress. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I love art, literature, discussions of a political nature, and video games. Posts will tend to reflect this love...within reasonable and very flexible limits.
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